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Rev. bras. ter. intensiva ; 26(3): 317-320, Jul-Sep/2014. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-723279

ABSTRACT

A formação de atelectasias é um dos distúrbios pulmonares responsável pelo maior tempo de internação dos recém-nascidos nas unidades de terapias intensivas e pelo consequente aumento da morbidade. O cateter nasal de alto fluxo tem sido utilizado na faixa etária neonatal, para evitar e/ou expandir áreas pulmonares atelectasiadas, mesmo que até o momento não existam estudos baseados em evidência. Relatamos os casos de dois pacientes do sexo masculino internados por doença neurocirúrgica e abdominal submetidos à ventilação pulmonar mecânica invasiva por 4 e 36 dias, respectivamente. Após a extubação, foram mantidos em oxigenioterapia, quando, então, ambos apresentaram piora clínica e radiológica compatível com atelectasia. Após 24 horas de instalado o cateter nasal de alto fluxo como suporte não invasivo, novos exames radiológicos mostraram a reversão completa da atelectasia. O uso do cateter de alto fluxo mostrou-se eficaz na reversão de atelectasias, podendo ser utilizada como mais uma das terapias ventilatórias não invasivas, evitando, assim, nova intubação.


Atelectasis is a pulmonary disorder that lengthens the hospitalization time of newborns in intensive care units, resulting in increased morbidity among these infants. High-flow nasal cannulae have been used in newborns to prevent atelectasis and/or expand pulmonary regions affected by atelectasis; however, to date, no evidence-based data regarding this approach have been reported. In this paper, we report on the cases of two male newborn patients. The first and second patients described in this report were hospitalized for a neurosurgical procedure and the treatment of abdominal disease, respectively, and were subjected to invasive mechanical ventilation for 4 and 36 days, respectively. After extubation, these patients continued receiving oxygen therapy but experienced clinical and radiological worsening typical of atelectasis. In both cases, by 24 hours after the implantation of an high-flow nasal cannulae to provide noninvasive support, radiological examinations revealed the complete resolution of atelectasis. In these cases, the use of an high-flow nasal cannulae was effective in reversing atelectasis. Thus, this approach may be utilized as a supplemental noninvasive ventilatory therapy to avoid unnecessary intubation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Airway Extubation/methods , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Pulmonary Atelectasis/therapy , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Intensive Care Units , Pulmonary Atelectasis/etiology
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